Marl belongs to soils which undergo continuous structural changes under the influence of external factors. In view of the fact that thee processes run very rapidly, the usefulness of the marl subsoil for building purposes is subjected to continuous changes in time. The absence of the worked-out research method for such a type of soils makes any proper classification and determination of g,eoteehnical characteristics difficult [ 7, 9_ 13, 17, 36. 39]. Comparative analysis of Opole marls weathering profile allows to affirm occurring of zones comparable to ones given in papers [10, 11, 37]. In Opole marls occur: solid (fresh) rock. slightly weathered rock, moderately weathered rock, highly weathered rock and completely weathered rock which lies just under the humus. In principle, it lacks of cohesive soils layer in the Opole marls profile beside one enclave where packet of substantial thickness occurs consisted mainly of illite clays. Opole marls occupy almost whole area
just under soil layer and it decides on the exceptional sensitivity to precipitation influence in contrast to other regions where commonly above marls occurs covering of clayey weathering ?r clay [11, 37]. In this monograph investigations of the weathered rock has been given for the reason of occurring it close by humus layer and possibilities of using it as foundation have been analysed. This weathered rock is subjected to softening and wetting on building sites what results in serious difficulties with people and equipment moving and among practicing engineers became established view that weathered Opole marls are nonbearing subsoil and should be remove. Because of it buildings were mostly founded on the ground changed in place of weathering, i.e. on loose ground, removed sometimes even to G meters. Furthermore, during the investigations of marls eluvium, where it is impossible to draw samples of undisturbed structure and its granulometric composition is very differentiated, the investigations "in situ" are of decisive importance. The results obtained from them show the geotechnical properties of marls better than laboratory tests which from necessity concern the fractional medium.

Spis treści:

1. INTRODUCTION    

2. CHARACTERISTIC OF WEATHERING AS FOUNDATION STRATA FOR PILE CONSTRUCTIONS ON THE BASIS OF THE RESEARCHES OF THE OPOLE MARL ELUVIUIVI

2.1. Definitions
2.2. Characteristics of physical and mechanical properties of weathering according to laboratory tests
2.3. Investigation of shear strength of smallest fractions of weathering
2.4. Characteristic of geotechnical parameters of weathering according to in situ tests of pile construction
2.4.1. Researches by the method of soil-wedge extrusion
2.4.2. Pressiometric investigations
2.4.3. Test plate-pressing
2.5. Recapitulation

3. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES OCCURRING IN ELUVIUM OF THE OPOLE MARLS

3.1. Definitions
3.2. Geological setting
3.3. Hydrogeological conditions and chemical composition of water filtering in marls
3.4. Some physicochemical aspects
3.4.1. Chemical composition
3.4.2. Mineralogical composition
3.4.3. Plasticity and liquidity limits of the marl eluvium
3.4.4. Research of swelling
3.4.5. SEM microstructural analysis
3.5. The description of physicochemical phenomena occurring in marl eluvium
3.5.1. The description of phenomena occurring under atmospheric conditions causing the processes of maximum weathering exsiccation
3.5.2. Description of phenomena occurring under atmospheric conditions bringing about maximum moisture content of eluvium
3.6. Recapitulation

4. CREEP PROPERTY OF OPOLE MARLS WHETHERING ON THE BASIS OF THE MODEL LABORATORY RESEARCH AND THE RESEARCH "IN SITU"

4.1. Definitions
4.2. Creep investigations
4.2.1. Burgers' test
4.2.2. Test stamp-presssing
4.3. Recapitulation

5. PROPOSAL FOR A METHOD DETERMINING THE VALUE OF THE MAXIMUM SWELLING OF SOIL BY EXAMPLE OF THE OPOLE MARLS ELUVIUM

5.1. Definitions
5.?. Foundations on expansive clays
5.3. The process of swelling of marl weathering on the basis of the Opole marls eluvium
5.4. Proposed method of investigations of the maximum swelling
5.5. Problems connected with foundation on clays with hidden parameter of swelling
5.6. Conditions imposed upon the service conditions of building objects founded on expansive substrate
5.7. Recapitulation

6. THE ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF FURNACE WASTE FROM THE POWER STATION, DEPOSITED IN THE OPEN CASTS. UPON THE COMPOSITION OF GROUNDWATER

6.1. Definitions
6.2. Hydrogeological conditions
6.2.1. Hydrogeological circumstances of water intakes bordering excavations (open casts)
63. Evaluation of the possibilities of the flow of polluted waters from the covered excavations to the water-bearing strata (formations)
6.4. Filter terms to rebuilt excavations
6.5. Some contaminants occurring in furnace waste from the power station
6.6. Additional factors which influence the migration of pollution
6.7. Conclusions and conception of maximum seal of open casts

7. FINAL CONCLUSIONS

References

Streszczenie